يرى كوبر وهيرون ونيوارد أن تعديل السلوك هو العلم الذي يشمل على التطبيق المنظم للأساليب التي انبثقت عن القوانين السلوكية وذلك بغية إحداث تغيير جوهري ومفيد في السلوك الأكاديمي والاجتماعي.
ويعرف إجرائيا بأنه عملية تقوية السلوك المرغوب به من ناحية وإضعاف أو إزالة السلوك غير المرغوب به من ناحية أخرى
الأهداف العامة لتعديل السلوك:
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مساعدة الطفل على تعلم سلوكيات جديدة غير موجودة لديه.
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مساعدة الطفل على زيادة السلوكيات المقبولة اجتماعياً.
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مساعدة الطفل على التقليل من السلوكيات غير المقبولة اجتماعياً .
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تعليم الطفل أسلوب حل المشكلات.
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مساعدة الطفل على أن يتكيف مع محيطه المدرسي وبيئته الاجتماعية.
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مساعدة الطفل على التخلص من مشاعر القلق والإحباط والخوف
خصائص تعديل السلوك:
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التركيز على السلوك الظاهر القابل للملاحظة والقياس، تحديد معدل حدوث السلوك المراد تعديله
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السلوك مشكلة وليس عرضاً لمشكلة ما
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السلوك المشكل هو سلوك متعلم ومكتسب من خلال تفاعل الفرد مع البيئة التي يعيش فيها لذلك يتطلب الأمر إعادة تعليم الطفل السلوك السوي من خلال أساليب تعديل السلوك.
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انه لا يأتي من فراغ، أي أن هناك قوانين تحكم تكرار السلوك أو عدمه
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يتطلب تعديل السلوك تحديد الهدف وطريقة العلاج لكل سلوك.
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تعديل السلوك استمد أصوله من قوانين التعلم التي أسهم سكنر وزملائه في ترسيخ قواعده
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يركز على دور العلاج في تغيير سلوك الطفل.
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التقييم المستمر لفاعلية طرق العلاج المستخدمة
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وذلك من خلال قيام المعلم أو المعدل بعملية قياس متكرر منذ بداية المشكلة وأثنائها وبعدها، وقد يتطلب الأمر التوقف عن استخدام أسلوب معين والبحث عن أساليب جديدة لتغيير السلوك.
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التعامل مع السلوك بوصفه محكوماً بنتائجه، تكرر السلوك إذا كانت نتائجه إيجابية والعكس صحيح
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أن تتم عملية تعديل السلوك في البيئة الطبيعية، أي أن يحدث تعديل السلوك في المكان الذي يحدث فيه السلوك ،لان المثيرات البيئية التي تهيأ الفرصة لحدوث السلوك موجودة في البيئة التي يعيش فيها الفرد،فالأشخاص المحيطون بالفرد هم الذين يقومون بعملية التعزيز أو العقاب وبالتالي هم طرف في عملية تعديل السلوك.
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إعداد خطة العلاج الخاصة بالطفل.
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